Synthetic Peptides

Synthetic gastric peptide fragment

BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-residue peptide fragment derived from a sequence identified in gastric juice. Published research is dominated by rodent and in vitro models; no peer-reviewed controlled human trials have been published.

Preclinical (rodent and in vitro) literature

Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) studied in cellular ageing, gene-expression, and telomere-biology models. Most primary literature originates from a small number of research groups; controlled human clinical trials are absent from PubMed-indexed peer-reviewed sources.

In vitro, animal, and limited human cell-line literature

Synthetic D-retro-inverso senolytic peptide · Preclinical only

FOX04-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide designed by the Peter de Keizer group (Erasmus / Utrecht) to interfere with the FOXO4-p53 interaction in senescent cells. The intent is to selectively trigger apoptosis of senescent cells (a 'senolytic' approach). All published evidence is preclinical — rodent and in vitro work. There are no peer-reviewed clinical trials in humans.

Preclinical only — no human clinical trials indexed on PubMed

Shortened spadin analog · TREK-1 channel inhibitor · Preclinical only

PE 22-28 is a shortened analog of spadin (a peptide derived from the propeptide of neurotensin receptor 3 / sortilin) designed by the Mazella / Borsotto group at IPMC-CNRS. It targets the TREK-1 two-pore-domain potassium channel, which has been studied as a depression-associated channel in rodent models.

Preclinical only — rodent and in vitro studies

Synthetic tuftsin-derived heptapeptide

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of the immunopeptide tuftsin, primarily characterised in rodent behavioural models (anxiety, stress, withdrawal) and in vitro neurochemistry assays. Regulatory status varies — research-use context only on this platform.

Rodent behavioural and in vitro neurochemistry literature

Cosmetic-research peptide · Acetyl octapeptide-3 · SNARE-complex–targeting analog

SNAP-8 (acetyl octapeptide-3) is a synthetic peptide marketed in cosmetic formulations and studied as a topical agent in small dermatology cohorts. It is an N-acetylated 8-residue analog of the SNAP-25 N-terminus and is proposed to interact with SNARE-complex assembly — a mechanism shared with botulinum-toxin biology, though SNAP-8 itself is not a neurotoxin.

Cosmetic-formulation research — small-cohort human studies and in vitro work