P Palthera
Hormone Analogues

Oxytocin

Pitocin / Syntocinon

Oxytocin is an nine- cyclic peptide hormone synthesised in the hypothalamus. It is FDA-approved (Pitocin) for labour induction and management of postpartum uterine atony. Intranasal oxytocin is an active research area in psychiatric and behavioural-neuroscience contexts, though those uses remain investigational.

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Abstract reference visual for Hormone Analogues.
Hormone Analogues
Classification
Endogenous nonapeptide hormone · FDA-approved (Pitocin) for labour induction and postpartum uterine atony
Research stage
Decades of obstetric clinical use; active intranasal-pharmacology research in psychiatric and social-behaviour contexts
Sequence
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (disulfide bridge Cys¹–Cys⁶)
Molecular weight
1007.19 Da

Snapshot

Key takeaways

A three-bullet snapshot before reading the full dossier.

  1. 01

    nonapeptide hormone with peripheral (uterine smooth muscle, mammary gland) and central (social behaviour) roles.

  2. 02

    FDA-approved as Pitocin for obstetric indications.

  3. 03

    Intranasal formulations are widely studied in psychiatry but remain investigational outside obstetric use.

Dossier overview

4

research areas

3

references

3

handling notes

01

Mechanism of action

Oxytocin binds the oxytocin , a Gq-coupled GPCR. Peripherally it stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction and milk ejection. Centrally it modulates social bonding, anxiety, and reward circuits — pathways examined in intranasal-oxytocin research.

02

Research applications

  • Obstetric clinical practice (approved indications)
  • Intranasal oxytocin in autism research
  • Social neuroscience and attachment research
  • Oxytocin pharmacology (including such as atosiban)

Evidence at a glance

What's behind this profile

3 citations · 1995–2023

Human
1

Studies in human volunteers or patients (incl. early-phase trials).

Review
1

Narrative or systematic reviews; no primary data.

Other
1

Studies that did not match the categories above.

Publication years

  1. 95
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  5. 99
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19952023

Counts are derived from the cited studies below. A study covering both in vivo and in vitro work is counted by its primary model. Sample size is reported in 1 of 3 citations. Findings remain model-specific and are not extrapolated to therapeutic use.

03

Study references

Each profile cites a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources, with model type and reported sample size where the source provides it. Findings are model-specific and must not be extrapolated to therapeutic use.

The effect of oxytocin nasal spray on social interaction in young children with autism: a randomized clinical trial

2023

Guastella AJ et al. · Molecular Psychiatry

Model
Double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial in young children with autism
Sample
n=87 (oxytocin n=45, placebo n=42)

Intranasal oxytocin was associated with modest improvements in social responsiveness for younger children with autism, without a significant overall effect on the primary outcome.

PMID 36302965 DOI 10.1038/s41380-022-01845-8

Guideline No. 432c: Induction of Labour

2023

Robinson D et al. · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada

Model
Evidence-based clinical practice guideline
Sample
N/A (guideline)

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada guideline addressing cervical ripening and labour induction, including the use of intravenous oxytocin among standard interventions.

PMID 36725134 DOI 10.1016/j.jogc.2022.11.009

Atosiban

1995

Shubert PJ et al. · Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

Model
Narrative review of the oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban
Sample
N/A (review)

Reviewed atosiban as an oxytocin- tocolytic agent for preterm labour, providing receptor-pharmacology context for oxytocin agonism.

PMID 8616970 DOI 10.1097/00003081-199538040-00007

Evidence caveats

  • FDA approval covers specific obstetric indications. Intranasal use in psychiatric / behavioural contexts is investigational and not endorsed here as therapy.
  • Oxytocin has extensive published literature (>30,000 PubMed records); the three citations on this profile represent contemporary clinical-context anchors rather than a comprehensive review of the field.

04

Storage and handling

Approved product follows manufacturer cold-chain instructions. Research-grade material must be stored under controlled laboratory conditions per protocol.

  • Approved injectable product (Pitocin) follows the manufacturer label and pharmacy cold-chain.
  • Research-grade synthetic oxytocin requires controlled storage and full batch documentation.
  • Clinical decisions involving oxytocin are obstetric or psychiatric decisions made with a qualified healthcare professional.

Common questions

Oxytocin FAQ

Plain-English answers backed by the citations on this profile — what it is, what's been studied, regulatory status, evidence limits.

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