P Palthera
Hormone Analogues

AOD-9604

hGH(177-191) / AOD9604

AOD-9604 is a modified 16- C-terminal of human growth hormone (residues 177–191) with an added N-terminal tyrosine. It was developed in the late 1990s–early 2000s as a candidate anti-obesity compound. Published primary research is dominated by rodent and rabbit models. AOD-9604 is not approved as a medicine.

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Hormone Analogues
Classification
Modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH 177–191)
Research stage
Preclinical (rodent and rabbit) literature; Phase II clinical interest in early 2000s, limited published trial results
Sequence
Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe with N-terminal tyrosine modification
Molecular weight
1815.1 Da

Snapshot

Key takeaways

A three-bullet snapshot before reading the full dossier.

  1. 01

    Modified hGH(177–191) with an N-terminal tyrosine modification.

  2. 02

    Foundational metabolic research is in obese-mouse and beta-3 adrenergic knockout-mouse models.

  3. 03

    Detection methodologies for AOD-9604 in anti-doping contexts have been published separately.

Dossier overview

4

research areas

3

references

3

handling notes

01

Mechanism of action

studies have associated AOD-9604 with increased fat oxidation and modulation of beta-3 adrenergic expression in mouse models. Mechanism in humans is not established in peer-reviewed clinical trial literature.

02

Research applications

  • Rodent obesity and lipid metabolism research
  • Beta-3 adrenergic pathway research
  • Animal model osteoarthritis / cartilage research
  • Anti-doping detection methodology

Evidence at a glance

What's behind this profile

3 citations · 2001–2015

Animal
2

Studies in rodents or other animal models.

In vitro
1

Cell, tissue, or biochemical assays outside a living organism.

Publication years

  1. 01
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  15. 15
20012015

Counts are derived from the cited studies below. A study covering both in vivo and in vitro work is counted by its primary model. Sample size is reported in 1 of 3 citations. Findings remain model-specific and are not extrapolated to therapeutic use.

03

Study references

Each profile cites a minimum of two peer-reviewed sources, with model type and reported sample size where the source provides it. Findings are model-specific and must not be extrapolated to therapeutic use.

The effects of human GH and its lipolytic fragment (AOD9604) on lipid metabolism following chronic treatment in obese mice and beta(3)-AR knock-out mice

2001

Heffernan M et al. · Endocrinology

Model
In vivo — obese mice and beta-3 adrenergic receptor knockout mice (chronic treatment)
Sample
Not reported in abstract

Chronic AOD9604 administration was associated with reduced body weight and fat mass and altered beta-3 AR expression in obese mouse models.

PMID 11713213 DOI 10.1210/endo.142.12.8522

Effect of Intra-articular Injection of AOD9604 with or without Hyaluronic Acid in Rabbit Osteoarthritis Model

2015

Kwon DR et al. · Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science

Model
In vivo — New Zealand white rabbits (collagenase-induced osteoarthritis model)
Sample
n=32 rabbits

Intra-articular AOD9604 combined with hyaluronic acid was associated with greater cartilage-marker improvements and reduced lameness than either agent alone in the rabbit OA model used.

PMID 26275694 DOI 10.1111/jhn.12313

Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604

2015

Cox HD et al. · Drug Testing and Analysis

Model
In vitro analytical study with metabolite identification in serum and urine matrices
Sample
Not reported in abstract

Reported a validated LC-MS detection method for AOD9604 with a 50 pg/mL limit of detection and identified a stable metabolite extending the detection window.

PMID 25208511 DOI 10.1002/dta.1715

Evidence caveats

  • AOD-9604 is not approved as a medicine. Phase IIa clinical research was reported in industry sources during 2002–2004, but full peer-reviewed clinical trial outcome papers in major databases are limited.
  • Most primary efficacy data come from rodent models; extrapolation to clinical efficacy is not established.

04

Storage and handling

Store under controlled laboratory conditions with batch and preparation details recorded.

  • Maintain batch traceability for and work.
  • Record conditions and avoid repeated cycles.
  • Research-only inventory must be clearly separated from approved therapeutic stocks.

Common questions

AOD-9604 FAQ

Plain-English answers backed by the citations on this profile — what it is, what's been studied, regulatory status, evidence limits.

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